Dr George Martine, FRS. 1700-1741. Was a physician, surgeon, physisits and geologist, who later lived at 56 South Street. he was the first to make a careful study of heat and scales of temperature, and made the first estimate, -400 F, of the absolute zero of temperature, studying warmth in very deep caves. He found that their temperature increased with depth, and so stated that the earth must have its own internal source of heat. He made the first useful mercury in glass clinical thermometer. It was here in 1730 he performed the first tracheotomy in Britain.