Maxim Gorky
(1868-1926)
Died aged 58
Wikidata WikipediaAlexei Maximovich Peshkov (Russian: Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в; 28 March [O.S. 16 March] 1868 – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (Russian: Макси́м Го́рький), was a Russian writer and socialist political thinker and proponent. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Before his success as an author, he travelled widely across the Russian Empire changing jobs frequently, experiences which would later influence his writing. Gorky's most famous works are his early short stories, written in the 1890s ("Chelkash", "Old Izergil", and "Twenty-Six Men and a Girl"); plays The Philistines (1901), The Lower Depths (1902) and Children of the Sun (1905); a poem, "The Song of the Stormy Petrel" (1901); his autobiographical trilogy, My Childhood, In the World, My Universities (1913–1923); and a novel, Mother (1906). Gorky himself judged some of these works as failures, and Mother has been frequently criticized, and Gorky himself thought of Mother as one of his biggest failures. However, there have been warmer judgements of some less-known post-revolutionary works such as the novels The Artamonov Business (1925) and The Life of Klim Samgin (1925–1936); the latter is considered Gorky's masterpiece and has sometimes been viewed by critics as a modernist work. Unlike his pre-revolutionary writings (known for their "anti-psychologism") Gorky's late works differ with an ambivalent portrayal of the Russian Revolution and "unmodern interest to human psychology" (as noted by D. S. Mirsky). He had associations with fellow Russian writers Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov, both mentioned by Gorky in his memoirs. Gorky was active in the emerging Marxist communist and later in the Bolshevik movement. He publicly opposed the Tsarist regime, and for a time closely associated himself with Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov's Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. For a significant part of his life, he was exiled from Russia and later the Soviet Union (USSR). In 1932, he returned to the USSR on Joseph Stalin's personal invitation and lived there until his death in June 1936. After his return, he was officially declared the "founder of Socialist Realism". Despite his official reputation, Gorky's relations with the Soviet regime were rather difficult. Modern scholars consider his ideology of God-Building as distinct from the official Marxism–Leninism, and his work fits uneasily under the "Socialist Realist" label. Gorky's work still has a controversial reputation because of his political biography, although in the last years his works are returning to European stages and being republished.
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Commemorated on 15 plaques
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18 июня 1920 года В. И. Ленин вместе с А. М. Горьким посетил Главное артиллерийское управление Красной Армии
English translation: On June 18, 1920, V. I. Lenin together with A. M. Gorkim visited the General Artillery Department of the Red Army
Sretensky Boulevard, 6/1, building 1, Moscow, Russia where they visited (1920)
ამ სახლში 1888-1900 წ.წ. ჩერდებოდნენ დიდი რუსი მწერლები ანტონ ჩეხოვი და მაქსიმ გორკი В этом доме в 1888-1900 г.г. останавливались великие русские писатели Антон Чехов и Максим Горький
English translation: The Great Russian writers Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky stayed in this house in 1888-1900
17 Shota Rustaveli Street, Batumi, Georgia where they stayed (1888-1900)
ამ სახლში (რკინიგზის სახელოსნოების ყოფილ საერთო საცხოვრებელში) 1891-1892 წ.წ. ცხოვრობდა დიდი რუსი მწერალი მაქსიმ გორკი (ალექსი მაქსიმეს ძე პეშკოვი) В этом доме (в бывшем общежитии железнодорожных мастерских) в 1891-1892 г.г. жил великий русский писатель Максим Горький (Алексей Максимович Пешков)
English translation: In this house (in the former dormitory of railway workshops) 1891-1892 lived the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky (Alexey Maxim son Peshkov)
3 Maxim Gorki Street, Tbilisi, Georgia where they lived (1891-1892)
ამ სახლში 1892 წ. ცხოვრობდა დიდი რუსი მწერალი მაქსიმ გორკი (ალექსი მაქსიმეს ძე პეშკოვი) აქ დაიწერა მისი პირველი მოთხრობა "მაკარ ჩუდრა" В этом доме в 1892 г. жил великий русский писатель Максим Горький (Алексей Максимович Пешков) Здесь был создан его первый рассказ "Макар Чудра"
English translation: In this house 1892. Lived the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky (Alexey Maxim son Peshkov) Here was written his first story “Makar Choudra” В éтомы домЕ в 1892 Г. zhилликий русский писателикий писателимакимакимимимимикимов перьков) десы быl соzданнего первый расскаи “макар удра” [AWS Translate]
146 Mikheil Tsinamdzghvrishvili Street, Tbilisi, Georgia where they lived (1892)
ԱՅՍ ՏԱՆԸ 1928 Թ ԻՋԵՎԱՆԵԼ Է ՌՈՒՍ ՄԵԾ ԳՐՈՂ ՄԱՔՍԻՄ ԳՈՐԿԻՆ В этом доме в 1928 году гостил великий русский писатель Максим Горький
English translation: The great Russian writer Maxim Gorky visited this house in 1928
10 Abovyan Street, Yerevan, Armenia where they visited (1928)
18 июня 1920 года В. И. Ленин вместе с А. М. Горьким посетили находившееся в этом здании Главное артиллерийское управление Красной Армии и ознакомились с новым образцом артиллерийской техники
English translation: On June 18, 1920, V. I. Lenin, together with A. M. Gorky visited the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army located in this building and got acquainted with a new model of artillery equipment
1 Bobrov Lane, Moscow, Russia where they visited (1920)
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Maxim Gorki (1868-1936) Russischer Dichter wohnte hier 1903
English translation: Maxim Gorky (1868-1936) Russian poet lived here in 1903
Markt 22, Lutherstadt, Wittenberg, Germany where they lived (1903)
В ЭТОМ ДОМЕ В КОНЦЕ АВГУСТА - НАЧАЛЕ СЕНТЯБРЯ 1891 г. ПРЕБЫ- ВАЛ ВЕЛИКИЙ РУССКИЙ ПИСАТЕЛЬ АЛЕКСЕЙ *МАКСИМОВИЧ ГОРЬКИЙ
English translation: IN THIS HOUSE IN LATE AUGUST AND EARLY SEPTEMBER 1891 THE GREAT RUSSIAN WRITER ALEXEY *MAKSIMOVICH GORKY WAS PREACHED [AWS Translate]
, Kherson, Ukraine where they stayed (1891)
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Maxim Gorki (1868-1936) suchte während seines Heringsdorfer Aufenthaltes im Jahre 1922 das damalige "Hotel Bellevue" einige Male zum Kaffee nach seinen Spaziergängen auf.
English translation: During his stay in Heringsdorf in 1922, Maxim Gorky (1868-1936) visited the former “Hotel Bellevue” several times for coffee after his walks.
Maxim-Gorki-Strasse, Bansin, Germany where they visited (1922)
IM JAHRE 1922 WOHNTE HIER DER GROSSE PROLETARISCHE RUSSISCHE DICHTER MAXIM GORKI 1868-1936 В 1922 ГОДУ здесь проживал великий пролетарский русский писатель МАКСИМ ГОРЬКИЙ
English translation: In 1922, the great proletarian Russian poet Maxim Gorky live here. 1868-1936
Villa Irmgard, Heringsdorf, Germany where they lived (1922)
здание ночлежного приюта "бугровская ночлежка" построено в 1880-1883 годах архитектор ф.н.фалин возведено на средства гласного городской думы известного предпринимателя и благотворителя александра петровича бугрова обитатели приюта послужили прототипами пьесы а.м.горького "на дне"
English translation: The building of the Bugrovskaya Nochlezhka overnight shelter was built in 1880-1883, the architect F.N. Falin was built at the expense of the public city council by the famous entrepreneur and philanthropist Alexander Petrovich Bugrov. The inhabitants of the shelter served as prototypes of A.M. Gorky's play “at the bottom” [AWS Translate]
Skoba Square, Нижний Новгород - Nizhny Novgorod, Russia where they wrote about
Ввоме художника г. ф.ярцева в 1900 г жил а м горький здесь на квартире доктора а.в. средина бывали, а.п чехов, λη ληδρεεβ, и.а бунин, д. н. мамин-сибиряк, н.т телешов, М. Н. ЕРМОЛОВА, ф.и. шаляпин, с.в рахманинов, b. m. bachellob, м.в. нестеров
English translation: In 1900, the artist Mr. F. Yartsev lived here in the apartment of Dr. A.V. in the middle, A.P. Chekhov, L.A. Bunin, Dr. Mamin-Siberian, N.T. Teleshov, M. N. YERMOLOVA, F.I. Chaliapin, S.V. Rachmaninov, b. m. bachellob, M.V. Nesterov [AWS Translate]
Voykova Street, Yalta, Russia where they lived (1900)
Бојүк пролетар јазычысы алексеј максимович горки 1925-28-чи илләрдә бурада бакы зәһмәткешләринин нүмајәндәләри илә көрушмушдүр. в 1925-28 гг. здесь встречался с представителями трудящихся города баку великий пролетарский писатель алексей максимович горький
English translation: The great proletarian writer Alexei Maksymovich Gorky met Baku workers here in 1925-28
City Hall, Baku, Azerbaijan where they visited (1925-1928)
ЗДЕСЬ, В ДОМЕ СВОЕГО ДЕДА В.В. КАШИРИНА, В 1872г. ЖИЛ А.М.ГОРЬКИЙ.
English translation: HERE, IN THE HOUSE OF HIS GRANDFATHER VLADIMIR KASHIRIN, IN 1872. A.M. GORKY LIVED. [AWS Translate]
, Нижний Новгород - Nizhny Novgorod, Russia where they lived (1872)
7 июля 1928 г ВЕЛИКИЙ ПРОЛЕТАРСКИЙ ПИСАТЕЛЬ АЛЕКСЕЙ МАКСИМОВИЧ ГОРЬКИЙ ПОСЕТИЛ ИЗОБРЕТАТЕЛЯ АНАТОЛИЯ ГЕОРГИЕВИЧА УФИМЦЕВА
English translation: ON JULY 7, 1928, THE GREAT PROLETARIAN WRITER ALEXEY MAXIMOVICH GORKY VISITED INVENTOR ANATOLY GEORGIEVICH UFIMTSEV [AWS Translate]
, Курск - Кursk, Russia where they visited (1928)