Vladimir Lenin
(1870-1924)

Died aged c. 54

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party socialist state governed by the Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism. Born to an upper-middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior Marxist activist. In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye in Siberia for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent theorist in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1903, he took a key role in the RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Following Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which, as a Marxist, he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime. Lenin's Bolshevik government initially shared power with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, elected soviets, and a multi-party Constituent Assembly, although by 1918 it had centralised power in the new Communist Party. Lenin's administration redistributed land among the peasantry and nationalised banks and large-scale industry. It withdrew from the First World War by signing a treaty conceding territory to the Central Powers, and promoted world revolution through the Communist International. Opponents were suppressed in the Red Terror, a violent campaign administered by the state security services; tens of thousands were killed or interned in concentration camps. His administration defeated right and left-wing anti-Bolshevik armies in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922 and oversaw the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. Responding to wartime devastation, famine, and popular uprisings, in 1921 Lenin encouraged economic growth through the New Economic Policy. Several non-Russian nations had secured independence from the Russian Empire after 1917, but three were re-united into the new Soviet Union in 1922. His health failing, Lenin died in Gorki, with Joseph Stalin succeeding him as the pre-eminent figure in the Soviet government. Widely considered one of the most significant and influential figures of the 20th century, Lenin was the posthumous subject of a pervasive personality cult within the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. He became an ideological figurehead behind Marxism–Leninism and a prominent influence over the international communist movement. A controversial and highly divisive historical figure, Lenin is viewed by his supporters as a champion of socialism and the working class. Meanwhile, Lenin's critics accuse him of establishing a totalitarian dictatorship which oversaw mass killings and political repression.

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Commemorated on 8 plaques

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin 1870-1924 founder of the U.S.S.R. stayed in 1905 at 16 Percy Circus which stood on this site

16 Percy Circus, London, United Kingdom where they stayed

Hier wohnte v. 21. Febr. 1916 bis 2. April 1917 Lenin der Führer der russischen revolution

English translation:

Spiegelgasse 14, Zürich, Switzerland where they lived

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin 1870-1924 Founder of the USSR Lived here in 1908

36 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom where they lived (1908)

В этом доме в 1876 - 1877 годах жила семья Ульяновых

English translation: In this house in the years 1876-1877 the Ulyanov family lived

ул. Ленина, 90, Ulyanovsk, Russia where they lived (1876-1877)

Здесь жил Владимир Ильич Ульянов-Ленин 1878-1887 г.г.

English translation: Here lived Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov-Lenin 1878-1887 gg.

ул. Ленина, 68, Ulyanovsk, Russia where they lived (1878-1887)

Lenine 22 Avril 1870 - 21 Janvier 1924 Habita cet immeuble de Decembre 1908 à Juillet 1909

English translation: Lenin 28 April 1870 - 21 January 1924 lived in this house from December 1908 to July 1909

26 rue Beaunier, Paris, France where they lived (1908-1909)

18 июня 1920 года В. И. Ленин вместе с А. М. Горьким посетил Главное артиллерийское управление Красной Армии

English translation: On June 18, 1920, V. I. Lenin together with A. M. Gorkim visited the General Artillery Department of the Red Army

Sretensky Boulevard, 6/1, building 1, Moscow, Russia where they visited (1920)

18 июня 1920 года В. И. Ленин вместе с А. М. Горьким посетили находившееся в этом здании Главное артиллерийское управление Красной Армии и ознакомились с новым образцом артиллерийской техники

English translation: On June 18, 1920, V. I. Lenin, together with A. M. Gorky visited the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army located in this building and got acquainted with a new model of artillery equipment

1 Bobrov Lane, Moscow, Russia where they visited (1920)