Giuseppe Garibaldi
(1807-1882)

sailor, Italian patriot, and soldier

Died aged 74

Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi was an Italian general, patriot, revolutionary, and republican. He contributed to the Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. He is considered one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland", along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini. Garibaldi is also known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe.

Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi

Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi (/ˌɡærɪˈbɔːldi/ GARR-ib-AWL-dee, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe ɡariˈbaldi]; 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, patriot, revolutionary and republican. He contributed to Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. He is considered one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland", along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini. Garibaldi is also known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe. Garibaldi was a follower of the Italian nationalist Mazzini and embraced the republican nationalism of the Young Italy movement. He became a supporter of Italian unification under a democratic republican government. However, breaking with Mazzini, he pragmatically allied himself with the monarchist Cavour and Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia in the struggle for independence, subordinating his republican ideals to his nationalist ones until Italy was unified. After participating in an uprising in Piedmont, he was sentenced to death, but escaped and sailed to South America, where he spent 14 years in exile, during which he took part in several wars and learnt the art of guerrilla warfare. In 1835 he joined the rebels known as the Ragamuffins (farrapos), in the Ragamuffin War in Brazil, and took up their cause of establishing the Riograndense Republic and later the Catarinense Republic. Garibaldi also became involved in the Uruguayan Civil War, raising an Italian force known as Redshirts, and is still celebrated as an important contributor to Uruguay's reconstitution. In 1848, Garibaldi returned to Italy and commanded and fought in military campaigns that eventually led to Italian unification. The provisional government of Milan made him a general and the Minister of War promoted him to General of the Roman Republic in 1849. When the war of independence broke out in April 1859, he led his Hunters of the Alps in the capture of major cities in Lombardy, including Varese and Como, and reached the frontier of South Tyrol; the war ended with the acquisition of Lombardy. The following year, he led the Expedition of the Thousand on behalf of and with the consent of Victor Emmanuel II. The expedition was a success and concluded with the annexation of Sicily, Southern Italy, Marche and Umbria to the Kingdom of Sardinia before the creation of a unified Kingdom of Italy on 17 March 1861. His last military campaign took place during the Franco-Prussian War as commander of the Army of the Vosges. Garibaldi became an international figurehead for national independence and republican ideals, and is considered by the twentieth-century historiography and popular culture as Italy's greatest national hero. He was showered with admiration and praise by many contemporary intellectuals and political figures, including Abraham Lincoln, William Brown, Francesco de Sanctis, Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, Malwida von Meysenbug, George Sand, Charles Dickens, and Friedrich Engels. Garibaldi also inspired later figures like Jawaharlal Nehru or Che Guevara. Historian A. J. P. Taylor called him "the only wholly admirable figure in modern history". In the popular telling of his story, he is associated with the red shirts that his volunteers, the Garibaldini, wore in lieu of a uniform.

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Commemorated on 11 plaques

Sailor / soldier Giuseppe Garibaldi 19th century Italian patriot stayed in this house in 1854 while visiting Tynemouth to brief local political and industrial leaders on his plans for a unified Italy. He was hailed throughout Europe as true idealist and honest politician. He was born in Nice on 4th Feb 1807 and died aged 75 in Caprerra on 2nd June 1882.

9 Huntingdon Place, Tynemouth, United Kingdom where they was

IX. Giuseppe Garibaldi dittatore proclamando proprieta nazionale il Museo e gli scavi questi dotava di piu largo assegnamento perche procedesse non interrotta e spedita la scoperta di Pompei ordinava si Riaprissero le Ribadite porte delle sale riservate salvando da inevitabile rovina monumenti preziosi di pittura e di plastica

Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli, Napoli, Italy where they proclaimed national property the museum and excavations

En questa casa ove abito il popolano Giuseppe Dolpi convennuro patriotti generrosi da ogni parte del mondo civile e Giuseppe Mazzini e Giuseppe Garibaldi vi ebbero fida ospitalita in vario tempo 1860_1866_1867 a promuovere la feconda armonia del pensiero e dell' azione

English translation: In this house where the commoner Giuseppe Dolpi lived there were generous patriots from all over the civil world and Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi had trusted hospitality there at various times 1860_1866_1867 in promote the fruitful harmony of thought and action [AWS Translate]

, Florence, Italy where they visited

Nel primo centenario della nascita Giuseppe Garibaldi Bellagio Scolpisce da l'eroe rivolte alla societa di M. S. fra operai e contadini che altera lo ebbe suo Presidente Onorario Alla societa mutua Bellagio Grazie per il gentile vostro telegramma del 23 e per il saluto che vi Ricambio di cuore sempre vostro G. Garibaldi Caprera 21-7-76

English translation: In the first centenary of his birth Giuseppe Garibaldi Bellagio Sculpts from the uprisings hero the company of M. S. between workers and peasants that alters it had Its Honorary President The mutual society Bellagio Thank you for your kind telegram 23 and for the greeting you to your heart always Replacement G. Garibaldi Caprera 07/21/76

Municipio - Via Giuseppe Garibaldi, Bellagio, Italy where they is commemorated

Questa casa ospito Giuseppe Garibaldi Quando nel Giugno MDCCCLXVI Raccolse e agguerri I militi volontari che poi condusse alla Vittoria die Monte Suello e di Bezzecca auspici Le cittadine associazioni a perpetua ricordanza del fatto questa lapide fu posta il IX Luglio MDCCCLXXXII

English translation: It hosts this house Giuseppe Garibaldi When in June 1866 The soldiers picked up and agguerri volunteers which then led to Victory day Monte Suello and Bezzecca auspices The citizens' associations a perpetual memorial of the fact this inscription It was laid on 9th July 1882

Museo Garibaldi - Piazza Medaglie d'Oro Comasche, Como, Italy where they stayed (1866)

To commemorate visits to this city and to a book shop in this house by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1854, Louis Kossuth in 1856, W. Lloyd Garrison in 1876

Nelson Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom where they was

Qui sorgeva la casa in cui dimoro nell'anno 1831 Giuseppe Garibaldi a perpetua memoria i suoi compatriotti

English translation: Here stood the house where, in the year 1831, lived Giuseppe Garibaldi. In perpetual memory of his compatriots.

Casa Garibaldi, Istanbul, Turkey where they lived

Giuseppe Garibaldi [full inscription unknown]

English translation: Giuseppe Garibaldi [AWS Translate]

Banchi di Sopra, Siena, Italy where they was

Perche la parola folgorante i tiranni che il XXIX Decembre MDCCCXLVIII a Giuseppe Garibaldi da questa Loggia al Popolo Rivolgeva semptre nell anima dei cittadini come via risuoni i reduci dalle patrie battaglie il XX Settembre MDCCCLXXXII Q.M.P.

English translation: Why the dazzling word the tyrants that 29th December 1848 to Giuseppe Garibaldi From this Lodge to the People He addressed always in the souls of citizens How do you sound The Returning from the Homeland Battles 20th September 1882 Q.M.P. [AWS Translate]

Corso Pietro Vannucci, Perugia, Italy where they was (1848)

Ai fattori dell italia una libera indipendente Vittorio Emanuele II Camillo Benso di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi Giuseppe Mazzini Perugia decreto municipale iv maggio mdccclxxii

English translation: To the factors of Italy a free independent Vittorio Emanvele II Camillo Benso di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi Giuseppe Mazzini Perugia Municipal Decree 4 May 1872 [AWS Translate]

Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria - Corso Pietro Vannucci, Perugia, Italy where they was

Da questa finestra il Giorno XXVI Agosto MDCCCLXVII. Giuseppe Garibaldi sulla Via di Roma Parlo al popolo stupefatto del nuovo ardimento promotrice la societa dei reduci dalle patrie battague il II Giugno MDCCCLXXXIII primo anniversario della morte dell' eroe

English translation: From this window the Day 26th August 1867. Giuseppe Garibaldi On the Via di Roma I speak to People amazed at the new Daring promoter the Company of veterans from Patrie Battague on 2nd June 1883 first anniversary Of the hero's death [AWS Translate]

Cassa Di Risparmio Di Orvieto Spa - Piazza Della Repubblica, 21, Orvieto, Italy where they was (1867)