1902 Anthracite Coal Strike. In May 1902, 150,000 mineworkers struck for six months for higher wages, union recognition, shorter hours, and other demands. A July 30th riot of 5,000 strikers in Shenandoah led to its occupation by the PA National Guard and influenced President Theodore Roosevelt to set up the Anthracite Coal Commission. Some worker demands were granted. The strike introduced an impartial federal role in labor disputes.